fiat

Part-time all wheel drive. Rear axle engaged manually by the driver using the lever located between the seat.

The Panda 4x4 was launched in June 1983, it was powered by a 965 cc engine with 48 bhp (36 kW) derived from that in the Autobianchi A112. Known simply as the Panda 4x4, this model was the first small, transverse-engined production car to have a 4WD system. The system itself was manually selectable, with an ultra-low first gear. Under normal (on-road) conditions starting was from second, with the fifth gear having the same ratio as fourth in the normal Panda. Austrian company Steyr-Puch supplied the entire drivetrain (clutch, gearbox, power take-off, three-piece propshaft, rear axle including differential and brakes) to the plant at Termini Imerese where it was fitted to the reinforced bodyshell.

Source: Wikipedia

Figure: fiat panda 4x4

Figure: fiat panda 4x4

Figure: fiat panda 4x4 rear axle

Figure: fiat panda 4x4 gearbox and power transfer to the rear axle

Figure: fiat panda 4x4 inclinometer

Figure: fiat panda 4x4 logo

GKN viscous coupling up to June 2008, being in fact a Ferguson viscous coupling, produced under license by GKN.

Since July 2008 the viscous coupling was replaced by a Magna-Steyr electro-hydraulic coupling similar to Haldex

Same as Lancia Dedra and Alfa Romeo 155 Q4 except for manually locking rear differential instead of Torsen(??? unverified)

Figure: fiat tempra

Figure: fiat tempra

Figure: fiat tempra transsmision