torsen automatically locking differential(Edit)
The Torsen differential is a mechanical self-locking centre differential which regulates the power between the front and rear axles according to demand. The word "Torsen" is made up of the words "torque" and "sensing", indicating that the differential operates on the basis of torque sensing. It responds to varying rotational forces between the input and output shafts (front and rear axle). This enables variable distribution of the driving torque between the axles. On a Torsen differential the two output gears are interconnected by worm gears. They limit high differential rotation speeds, but still balance the speeds when cornering.
The original Torsen T-1 (Type A) uses crossed axis helical gears to increase internal friction. The Type I can be designed for higher torque bias ratios than the Type II, but typically has higher backlash and the potential for Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) issues, and requires a precise setup/installation.
Figure: T-1 (Type A)
The later Torsen T-2 (Type B) uses a parallel gear arrangement to achieve a similar effect. There is also a specialist application of the T-2, known as the T-2R (RaceMaster).
Figure: T-2 (Type B)
The latest Torsen T-3 (Type C) is a planetary type differential, in that the nominal torque split is not 50:50. The Type C is available as single or twin version; the Torsen twin C differential has front and center differential in the same unit.
Figure: T-3 (Type C)
(Source: Wikipedia)
Figure: Torsen type I automatically locking differential
Figure: Torsen type II automatically locking differential
Figure: Audi's Torsen type 1 center differential (1)
Figure: Audi's Torsen type 1 center differential
Figure: Audi's Torsen type 1 center differential, disassembled
Figure: Torsen type II (left) and Torsen type I
Figure: Torsen type III planetary gear differential
Figure: Torsen type III planetary gear differential on Audi quattro
Figure: How does Torsen differential work. Operating principle.
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