Central epicyclic unit, Ferguson viscous coupling and Torsen rear differential Source
Figure: Alfa-Romeo 155 Q4 
Figure: Alfa-Romeo 155 Q4 front differential with epicyclic torque distributor and Ferguson VC 
Figure: Alfa-Romeo 155 Q4 rear differential 
Figure: alfa romeo 155 
Also see Lancia Dedra/Fiat Tempra.
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155 DTM(Edit)  
Figure: alfa romeo 155 dtm 1 
Figure: alfa romeo 155 dtm 2 
Figure: alfa romeo 155 dtm 3 
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156 Crosswagon(Edit)  
Full-time all wheel drive system with centre Torsen C differential.
Source (Italian)
Torsen? Source
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159 (2005-2011)(Edit)  
AWD system: "Q4"
Full-time all wheel drive system with centre Torsen differential ("Torsen T3-Twin").
Source
Distribution: 57% rear, 43% front.
Integrated with ASR and VDC (ESP by Alfa Romeo).
Source
Probably the same Q4 version of Alfa Romeo 156 Crosswagon.
AWD system available only with these "Q4" models:
3.2 petrol engine JTS V6 24v 191KW years 2005->2009 Automatic / Manual Transmission
2.4 diesel engine JTDm 20v 154KW years 2007->2009 Automatic / Manual Transmission
?Torsen Source?
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Assymetric full-time all wheel drive with electronically-controlled center differential lock.
The "Viscomatic" unit - central viscous coupling locking epicyclic unit located near the rear axle and Torsen rear differential (prove?).
The Viscomatic was developed by Alfa-Romeo in collaboration with Steyr-Puch. This is a further evolution of the device that was previously used on the Proteo.[1]
Source
Figure: alfa romeo 164 q4 transmission 
Figure: Alfa-Romeo 164 q4 rear differential housing with Viscomatic central differential unit. 
Figure: alfa 164 q4 viscomatic 
Figure: Gearbox with power takeoff to the rear wheels 
Figure: All wheel drive control diagram 
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33 Q4 (1983-1991)(Edit)  
Disengageable automatic all wheel drive.
The 33 Q4 made its debut in 1983. The layout adopted for this compact saloon meant that the rear wheel drive had to be engaged by means of a lever in the passenger compartment. A Ferguson viscous coupling was used to transfer torque to the rear axle when four wheel drive is engaged and front wheels slip. It also offered higher ground clearance than front wheel drive cars.
Figure: Alfa Romeo 33 Q4 transmission before 1991 
Figure: alfa romeo 33 Q4 transmission 
Figure: alfa romeo 33 Q4 transmission 
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33 Permanent 4 (1991-...)(Edit)  
Full-time all wheel drive.
In 1991, the Alfa 33 was fitted with a sportier interpretation of the four wheel drive concept. The transmission layout of the new Permanent 4 (this was the name of the version) was more complex than its predecessor: a set of sensors managed the action of a viscous coupling that transferred movement to the rear wheels (generally free) when it detected significant differences between wheel rotating speeds across both axles.
Figure: alfa romeo 33 4x4 transmission 
Figure: alfa romeo 33 4x4 ferguson coupling 
Figure: alfa romeo 33 4x4 logo 
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Torsen? Source
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Footnotes
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