{title:Вискомуфта}
{title:Вискомуфта} 3

См. [Поколения quattro|quattro evolutions]
См. [quattro evolutions]

{title:electronic differential lock test}

!electronic differential lock (edl)
The following videos show how Electronic Differential Lock (also known as Traction Control, Vehicle Dynamic Control, and so on) works on different vehicles.
!!Audi
This video shows Audi's EDL ([Electronic Differential Lock|EDL]) in action. Both left wheels are placed on the rollers, which simulate slippery surface (ice, mud). Both right wheels are on a dry surface. To get the car moving in these conditions, a front or rear differential lock is needed to transfer torque from left to right. Because this Audi has open (non-lockable) differentials front and rear, EDL plays the role of a locking differential. The system must brake the wheel that spins (the left wheel) and transfer torque to the wheel with traction (the right wheel). However, as seen on the video, Audi's EDL is not as effective as a real mechanically locking differential. The system is not capable of bringing the spinning wheels to a full stop and transferring most of the torque to the right. If there was a real differential lock installed in either front or rear axle, the vehicle would have moved with little or no wheelspin. So EDL is a differential lock imitation.
Then, when wheel speed increases, the car finally takes off the rollers. EDL is defenetly a helpful traction device, but for on-road conditions only. If the vehicle was on a slope, it is doubtful EDL would make the vehicle move.

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!!Volkswagen
The next video shows the Volkswagen's EDL ([Electronic Differential Lock|EDL]) in action. This is a Volkswagen Bora/Jetta with [Haldex] Generation I [automatic all wheel drive|auto]. On this model, the EDL is installed on the front wheels only. EDL helps some, but it is not a full replacement for a real differential lock.

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!!Subaru Legacy Outback
This video shows a Subaru Legacy Outback 2.5 4AT VTD hill climbing with VDC off and VDC on. VDC is Subaru's electronic stability and traction control system that works on all four wheels. You can see that when VDC is turned on, the wheelspin is minimized.

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!!Subaru Forester
The following video shows how VDC works on 2009 Forester 2.5XT. When wheels start spinning and it seems like the car won't move any further, do not release the throttle pedal. VDC will engage when excessive wheelspin is detected and brake the spinning wheel.

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!!Subaru XV
The following video shows how Subaru XV all wheel drive and traction control system work.
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!!Suzuki Grand Vitara, Mitsubishi Outlander XL, Toyota RAV4, Nissan X-Trail, Hyundai ix35
Suzuki Grand Vitara is much more capable off-road thanks to its very aggressive electronic differential lock imitation, which breaks the wheel to a full stop.
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!4007
!Peugeot 4007
Same as [Mitsubishi Outlander XL|mitsubishi#Outlander_II]
See [Mitsubishi Outlander II|mitsubishi#Outlander_II]
!4008
!Peugeot 4008
Same as [Mitsubishi ASX|mitsubishi#Mitsubishi_ASX__Outlander_Sport__RVR_].
See [Mitsubishi ASX|mitsubishi#Mitsubishi_ASX__Outlander_Sport__RVR_]

!C-Crosser
Same as [Mitsubishi Outlander XL|mitsubishi#Outlander_II]
[./images/citroen-visa-1000-pistes.jpg|caption=Citroen Visa 4x4 prototype made by Automobile Dangel.]

[./images/citroen-visa-1000-pistes.jpg|caption=Citroen Visa 4x4 prototype made by Automobile Dangel.]

!C4 Aircross
Same as [Mitsubishi ASX|mitsubishi#Mitsubishi_ASX__Outlander_Sport__RVR_].

See [Mitsubishi Outlander II|mitsubishi#Outlander_II]
See [mitsubishi#Mitsubishi_ASX__Outlander_Sport__RVR_]

See [Mitsubishi ASX|mitsubishi#Mitsubishi_ASX__Outlander_Sport__RVR_]
See http://www.awdwiki.com/en/mitsubishi/#Outlander_II
[./images/peugeot-boxer-dangel-II-hm3.jpg|caption=Peugeot (Dangel) Boxer High Mobility 3]
[./images/peugeot-boxer-dangel-II-hm3.jpg|caption=Peugeot (Dangel) Boxer High Mobility 3]

Same vehicle as Peugeot 4007 and Citroen C-Crosser.

See [mitsubishi#Mitsubishi_ASX__Outlander_Sport__RVR_]
See http://www.awdwiki.com/en/mitsubishi/#Mitsubishi_ASX__Outlander_Sport__RVR_

!Peugeot 4007
See http://www.awdwiki.com/en/mitsubishi/#Mitsubishi_ASX__Outlander_Sport__RVR_
!Peugeot 4008
See http://www.awdwiki.com/en/mitsubishi/#Outlander_II

[./images/mitsubishi-asx.jpg|caption=Mitsubishi ASX transmission]
[./images/mitsubishi-asx.jpg|caption=Mitsubishi ASX/Peugeot 4008 transmission]
[./images/mitsubishi-asx_x.jpg|caption=Mitsubishi ASX transmission]
[./images/mitsubishi-asx_x.jpg|caption=Mitsubishi ASX/Peugeot 4008 transmission]

!Mitsubishi ASX (Outlander Sport, RVR)
!Mitsubishi ASX (aka Outlander Sport, RVR)/Peugeot 4008/Citroen C4 Aircross
Same vehicle as Peugeot 4008 and Citroen C4 Aircross.

!Mitsubishi ASX (aka Outlander Sport, RVR)/Peugeot 4008/Citroen C4 Aircross
!Mitsubishi ASX/Peugeot 4008
Shares the [GS platform|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_GS_platform], co-developed by Mitsubishi and DaimlerChrysler. The GS platform is also used on
Shares the [GS platform|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_GS_platform], co-developed by Mitsubishi and DaimlerChrysler. The GS platform is also used on Mitsubishi Lancer, Mitsubishi Outlander XL (Peugeot 4007, Citroen X-crosser), Dodge Caliper, Jeep Compass, and Jeep Patriot.
*Mitsubishi Lancer
*Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X
[./images/mitsubishi-asx_x.jpg|caption=Mitsubishi ASX/Peugeot 4008 transmission]
*Mitsubishi Outlander XL (Peugeot 4007, Citroen C-Crosser)
*Dodge Caliper
*Dodge Avenger
*Dodge Journey (Fiat Freemont)
*Jeep Compass
*Jeep Patriot
*Chrysler Sebring
*Chrysler 200
[./images/mitsubishi-asx_x.jpg|caption=Mitsubishi ASX/Peugeot 4008 transmission]

Shares the [GS platform|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_GS_platform], co-developed by Mitsubishi and DaimlerChrysler. The GS platform is also used on Mitsubishi Lancer, Mitsubishi Outlander XL (Peugeot 4007, Citroen X-crosser), Dodge Caliper, Jeep Compass, and Jeep Patriot.
Shares the [GS platform|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_GS_platform], developed by Mitsubishi in partnership with DaimlerChrysler. The GS platform is also used on Mitsubishi Lancer, Mitsubishi Outlander XL (Peugeot 4007, Citroen X-crosser), Dodge Caliper, Jeep Compass, and Jeep Patriot.

Shares the [GS platform|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_GS_platform], developed by Mitsubishi in partnership with DaimlerChrysler. The GS platform is also used on Mitsubishi Lancer, Mitsubishi Outlander XL (Peugeot 4007, Citroen X-crosser), Dodge Caliper, Jeep Compass, and Jeep Patriot.
Mitsubishi ASX shares the GS platform, developed by Mitsubishi in partnership with DaimlerChrysler. The GS platform is also used on Mitsubishi Lancer, Mitsubishi Outlander XL (Peugeot 4007, Citroen X-crosser), Dodge Caliper, Jeep Compass, and Jeep Patriot.

!Outlander III (2012-...)
?

!Mitsubishi ASX/Peugeot 4008
!ASX
Mitsubishi ASX shares the GS platform, developed by Mitsubishi in partnership with DaimlerChrysler. The GS platform is also used on Mitsubishi Lancer, Mitsubishi Outlander XL (Peugeot 4007, Citroen X-crosser), Dodge Caliper, Jeep Compass, and Jeep Patriot.

[./images/mitsubishi-asx_x.jpg|caption=Mitsubishi ASX/Peugeot 4008 transmission]

!ASX
[Automatic all wheel drive|auto]
[./images/mitsubishi-asx.jpg|caption=Mitsubishi ASX/Peugeot 4008 transmission]
[./images/mitsubishi-evo-s-awc.jpg|caption=]
[./images/mitsubishi-evo-s-awc.jpg|caption=]
!Outlander I
[full-time all wheel drive|full]
!Outlander I
[./images/mitsubishi-outlander-I-rear-differential.gif|caption=Mitsubishi Outlander I rear differential]
[full-time all wheel drive|full]
[./images/mitsubishi-outlander-I-transfer-case.gif|caption=Mitsubishi Outlander I transfer case]
[./images/mitsubishi-outlander-I-rear-differential.gif|caption=Mitsubishi Outlander I rear differential]
!Outlander II
[./images/mitsubishi-outlander-I-transfer-case.gif|caption=Mitsubishi Outlander I transfer case]
[automatic all wheel drive|auto]
[./images/mitsubishi-outlander-II-rear-differential-and-coupling-unit.gif|caption=Mitsubishi Outlander II rear differential and coupling unit]
!Outlander II
[./images/mitsubishi-outlander-II-transfer-case.gif|caption=Mitsubishi Outlander II transfer case]
[automatic all wheel drive|auto]
[./images/mitsubishi-outlander-II-rear-differential-and-coupling-unit.gif|caption=Mitsubishi Outlander II rear differential and coupling unit]
[./images/mitsubishi-outlander-II-transfer-case.gif|caption=Mitsubishi Outlander II transfer case]
[./images/mitsubishi-l200-transfer-case.gif|caption=Mitsubishi L200 transfer case]
!Pajero, Montero, Shogun 1982-1991, L200
Part-time transmission. No center differential. Low gear. Some were equipped with limited slip differential in the rear.
!Pajero II, Montero, Shogun 1991-2000,
[./images/mitsubishi-l200-transfer-case.gif|caption=Mitsubishi L200 transfer case]
can have [part-time all wheel drive|part] (GL) or [Super Select|super select] [selectable all wheel drive|sele] system (GLX, GLS). Super Select works as a [full-time all wheel drive|full] when in 4H mode.
In case of a part-time transmission can have automatic hubs or a vacuum axle disconnect system. [Super Select|super select] has a vacuum axle disconnect system.
!Pajero, Montero, Shogun 1982-1991, L200
Rear mechanical differential lock standard on GLS (100% lock, button activated).
Part-time transmission. No center differential. Low gear. Some were equipped with limited slip differential in the rear.
[Super Select|super select] [selectable all wheel drive|sele] system.
!Pajero II, Montero, Shogun 1991-2000,
!Pajero III, Pajero IV
can have [part-time all wheel drive|part] (GL) or [Super Select|super select] [selectable all wheel drive|sele] system (GLX, GLS). Super Select works as a [full-time all wheel drive|full] when in 4H mode.
[Super Select|super select] [selectable all wheel drive|sele] system. MATC all wheel traction control system.
In case of a part-time transmission can have automatic hubs or a vacuum axle disconnect system. [Super Select|super select] has a vacuum axle disconnect system.
Rear mechanical differential lock standard on GLS (100% lock, button activated).
[Super Select|super select] [selectable all wheel drive|sele] system.
!Pajero III, Pajero IV
[Super Select|super select] [selectable all wheel drive|sele] system. MATC all wheel traction control system.

!Grand Vitara I
!Grand Vitara I
[Part-time all wheel drive|part]. Low gear.
[Part-time all wheel drive|part]. Low gear.
[./images/suzuki-grand-vitara-I.jpg|caption=]
[./images/suzuki-grand-vitara-I.jpg|caption=]
[./images/suzuki-grand-vitara-I_x.jpg|caption=Suzuki Grand Vitara transfer case]
[./images/suzuki-grand-vitara-I_x.jpg|caption=Suzuki Grand Vitara transfer case]
[./images/suzuki-grand-vitara-I_xx.jpg|caption=Suzuki Grand Vitara limited slip rear differential
[./images/suzuki-grand-vitara-I_xx.jpg|caption=Suzuki Grand Vitara limited slip rear differential
]
]

!Grand Vitara II
!Grand Vitara II
[Full-time all wheel drive|full]. Manually lockable center differential. [EDL].
[Full-time all wheel drive|full]. Manually lockable center differential. [EDL].
[./images/suzuki-grand-vitara-II.jpg|caption=]
[./images/suzuki-grand-vitara-II.jpg|caption=]



!Jimny
!Jimny
[Part-time all wheel drive|part] ?
[Part-time all wheel drive|part] ?
[./images/suzuki-jimny.jpg|caption=]
[./images/suzuki-jimny.jpg|caption=]

!Liana 4Grip
!Liana 4Grip
[Automatic all wheel drive|auto]
[Automatic all wheel drive|auto]
[./images/suzuki-liana.jpg|caption=]
[./images/suzuki-liana.jpg|caption=]

!SX4
!SX4
[Automatic all wheel drive|auto]. Normally a front-wheel drive vehicle. Rear axle engaged automatically via a multiplate wet clutch when front wheels slip. 2wd or 4wd modes can be forced by a button on the console.
[Automatic all wheel drive|auto]. Normally a front-wheel drive vehicle. Rear axle engaged automatically via a multiplate wet clutch when front wheels slip. 2wd or 4wd modes can be forced by a button on the console.
[./images/suzuki-sx4-2wd-auto-lock-button.jpg|caption=Suzuki SX4 four wheel drive mode switch (source:autoreview.ru)]
[./images/suzuki-sx4-2wd-auto-lock-button.jpg|caption=Suzuki SX4 four wheel drive mode switch (source:autoreview.ru)]

!Vitara - 1999-2005
!Vitara - 1999-2005
[Part-time all wheel drive|part]. Lever-operated two-speed part-time transfer case. 1.82:1 low gear. From 1999- new vacuum-actuated front axle disconnect, which eliminates the need of backing-up to disengage the the front hubs.
[Part-time all wheel drive|part]. Lever-operated two-speed part-time transfer case. 1.82:1 low gear. From 1999- new vacuum-actuated front axle disconnect, which eliminates the need of backing-up to disengage the the front hubs.
Corporate IFS open differential axle up front, corporate rear live axle equipped with limited slip.
Corporate IFS open differential axle up front, corporate rear live axle equipped with limited slip..

See how electronic differential lock works in our [Videos|videoedl] section.
See how electronic differential lock works in our [Videos] section.

Corporate IFS open differential axle up front, corporate rear live axle equipped with limited slip..
Corporate IFS open differential axle up front, corporate rear live axle equipped with limited slip.

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{html}<iframe width="480" height="360" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/CrCbJFB5AVo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>{/html}

{html}<iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/CrCbJFB5AVo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>{/html}
{html}<iframe width="480" height="360" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/CrCbJFB5AVo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>{/html}

!!Audi
!!Volkswagen
!!Subaru Legacy Outback
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!!Subaru Forester
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!!Subaru XV
The following video shows how Subaru XV all wheel drive and traction control system work.
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Electronic traction control system on all four wheels.
Video: How Subaru XV all wheel drive and traction control system work
{html}<iframe width="480" height="360" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/CrCbJFB5AVo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>{/html}

All all wheel drive Impreza, Legacy, Legacy Outback, Forester, Tribeca, and XV vehicles
All all wheel drive Impreza, Legacy, Legacy Outback, Forester, and Tribeca vehicles
!!With CVT transmission (2010 Legacy, 2012 XV):
[Proactive] [automatic all wheel drive|auto] with 60/40 torque split front-to-rear under normal conditions. Electronically controlled hydraulic multi-plate transfer clutch installed instead of the center differential in the transaxle's tailshaft. Sensors monitor parameters such as wheel slippage, throttle position and braking, to help determine needed torque distribution to the rear axle before the wheels start to slip.
[./images/subaru-xv-gearbox-transferbox.jpg|caption=Subaru XV CVT and multiplate clutch]
[./images/subaru-xv-transmission.jpg|caption=Subaru XV transmission layout]

[постоянный полный привод|full] с блокируемым [вискомуфтой|viscous coupling] центральным [дифференциалом|differential]. За дополнительную плату устанавливался задний самоблокирующийся дифференциал [Torsen].{footnote}http://autogear.ru/enc/toyota/1528/{/footnote}
С автоматической и ручной коробками передач используется [постоянный полный привод|full] с блокируемым [вискомуфтой|viscous coupling] центральным [дифференциалом|differential]. За дополнительную плату устанавливался задний самоблокирующийся дифференциал [Torsen].{footnote}http://autogear.ru/enc/toyota/1528/{/footnote}

!Skyline GT-R R33 (1995-1998 *plz Confirm*)
!Skyline GT-R R33 (1995-1988 *plz Confirm*)

!Skyline GT-R R33 (1995-1988 *plz Confirm*)
!Skyline GT-R R33 (model years?)

!Defender
!Defender -

{title:Honda/Acura}
!honda/acura

Why is it important to know how your all wheel drive works? First, it may appear that your all wheel drive system is not meant to be used on-road. For example, part-time all wheel drive cannot be used in non-slippery conditions - you'll have to drive this car in rear-wheel drive mode, even when it is raining or snowing - in the weather conditions where all wheel drive might be needed. Second, depending on the type of all wheel drive, your car behaves differently when driving and cornering in slippery conditions. You might want to know what to expect.
Why is it important to know how your all wheel drive works? First, it may appear that your all wheel drive system is not meant to be used on-road. For example, part-time all wheel drive cannot be used in non-slippery conditions - you'll have to drive this car in rear-wheel drive mode, even when it is raining or snowing - in the weather conditions where all wheel drive might be needed. Second, depending on the type of all wheel drive, your car behaves differently when driving and cornering in slippery conditions. You might want to know what to expect.
Don't get confused by the abbreviations the manufacturers use: "AWD" is not necessary a full-time all wheel drive, "4WD" is not just for off-road vehicles. There is a dozen of brands the car manufacturers are using to distinguish their four-wheel drive vehicles - "quattro", "4motion", and so on. None of these actually represent the type of all wheel drive system used on the particular vehicle.
Don't get confused by the abbreviations the manufacturers use: "AWD" is not necessary a full-time all wheel drive, "4WD" is not just for off-road vehicles. There is a dozen of brands the car manufacturers are using to distinguish their four-wheel drive vehicles - "quattro", "4motion", and so on. None of these actually represent the type of all wheel drive system used on the particular vehicle.
In fact, just four types of all wheel drive systems exist:
In fact, just four types of all wheel drive systems exist:

*[Part-time all wheel drive|part]
*[Part-time all wheel drive|part]
*[Full-time all wheel drive|full]
*[Full-time all wheel drive|full]
*[Automatic all wheel drive|auto]
*[Automatic all wheel drive|auto]
*[Selectable all wheel drive|sele]
*[Selectable all wheel drive|sele]

Note: On this web site, when we describe details of the all wheel drive system used on a particular vehicle, we use the definitions that are listed here.
Note: On this web site, when we describe details of the all wheel drive system used on a particular vehicle, we use the definitions that are listed here.
!part-time all wheel drive
!part-time all wheel drive
This is a "temporary" all wheel drive system. In normal driving conditions, just one axle (the rear axle normally) is driven. In slippery conditions, another axle is engaged by the driver, whether by a lever or a button. This type of all wheel drive does not have a center [differential] - when all wheel drive is engaged, the front and rear driveshafts are mechanically connected and rotate at the same speed.
This is a "temporary" all wheel drive system. In normal driving conditions, just one axle (the rear axle normally) is driven. In slippery conditions, another axle is engaged by the driver, whether by a lever or a button. This type of all wheel drive does not have a center [differential] - when all wheel drive is engaged, the front and rear driveshafts are mechanically connected and rotate at the same speed.
When a vehicle is turning, the front wheels travel greater distance than the rear wheels.
When a vehicle is turning, the front wheels travel greater distance than the rear wheels.
[./images/part-time-all-wheel-drive-windup.jpg|caption=]
[./images/part-time-all-wheel-drive-windup.jpg|caption=]
Because the part-time all wheel drive system does not have a center [differential], the front wheels cannot go faster than the rear wheels. This type of all wheel drive cannot be used on pavement. Turning on pavement (even on a wet pavement) with all wheel drive engaged causes transmission windup and increases the chances of the transmission breakdown. When all wheel drive is engaged, the vehicle heavily understeers and this can lead to an accident.
Because the part-time all wheel drive system does not have a center [differential], the front wheels cannot go faster than the rear wheels. This type of all wheel drive cannot be used on pavement. Turning on pavement (even on a wet pavement) with all wheel drive engaged causes transmission windup and increases the chances of the transmission breakdown. When all wheel drive is engaged, the vehicle heavily understeers and this can lead to an accident.
The all wheel drive mode should only be used on surfaces with low traction (mud, snow, ice, sand), for short periods, and at low speeds. In these conditions the transmission windup is eliminated by slipping of the wheels.
The all wheel drive mode should only be used on surfaces with low traction (mud, snow, ice, sand), for short periods, and at low speeds. In these conditions the transmission windup is eliminated by slipping of the wheels.

Note: "Part-time 4wd" mode of the Jeep Cherokee's SelecTrac transmission means "locking of center [differential]". Jeep's SelecTrac is a [selectable all wheel drive|sele] system.
Note: "Part-time 4wd" mode of the Jeep Cherokee's SelecTrac transmission means "locking of center [differential]". Jeep's SelecTrac is a [selectable all wheel drive|sele] system.


!full-time all wheel drive
!full-time all wheel drive
This is a permanent all wheel drive or permanently engaged all wheel drive system. All wheels are powered at all times. The vehicles with full-time all wheel drive are equipped with a center [differential] that lets all wheels travel different distances while turning. This type of all wheel drive can be used both on and off road. In slippery conditions, the center [differential] can be locked, whether manually or automatically, depending on the vehicle.
This is a permanent all wheel drive or permanently engaged all wheel drive system. All wheels are powered at all times. The vehicles with full-time all wheel drive are equipped with a center [differential] that lets all wheels travel different distances while turning. This type of all wheel drive can be used both on and off road. In slippery conditions, the center [differential] can be locked, whether manually or automatically, depending on the vehicle.
When a manual center [differential] lock (available on off-road vehicles and some SUVs) is engaged, the transmission's behavior is similar to [part-time all wheel drive|part], i.e. the front and rear driveshafts rotate at the same speed. The use of full-time all wheel drive with locked center [differential] is limited to surfaces with low traction.
When a manual center [differential] lock (available on off-road vehicles and some SUVs) is engaged, the transmission's behavior is similar to [part-time all wheel drive|part], i.e. the front and rear driveshafts rotate at the same speed. The use of full-time all wheel drive with locked center [differential] is limited to surfaces with low traction.
In case of an automatic lock, a [Torsen] [differential], [viscous coupling], multi-plate hydraulic clutch, or similar traction device is used in conjunction with the center [differential]. When a wheel slip occurs (one driveshaft rotates faster than the other) the device locks the center [differential] and the torque is transferred from the axle that slips to the other axle that has traction. As soon as the wheel slip is eliminated, the device unlocks.
In case of an automatic lock, a [Torsen] [differential], [viscous coupling], multi-plate hydraulic clutch, or similar traction device is used in conjunction with the center [differential]. When a wheel slip occurs (one driveshaft rotates faster than the other) the device locks the center [differential] and the torque is transferred from the axle that slips to the other axle that has traction. As soon as the wheel slip is eliminated, the device unlocks.
Some vehicles (Land Rover Discovery II, pre-xDrive BMW X5) do not have a locking center [differential], but are equipped with an electronic traction control system (known as [Electronic Differential Lock|EDL] - EDL) on all four wheels. This electronic system detects slipping wheels by reading ABS sensors, then it applies brakes to the slipping wheels and the torque gets transferred to the wheels that have traction. While it performs well on slippery roads, the system cannot compete with a real mechanically locking [differential] when driving off-road.
Some vehicles (Land Rover Discovery II, pre-xDrive BMW X5) do not have a locking center [differential], but are equipped with an electronic traction control system (known as [Electronic Differential Lock|EDL] - EDL) on all four wheels. This electronic system detects slipping wheels by reading ABS sensors, then it applies brakes to the slipping wheels and the torque gets transferred to the wheels that have traction. While it performs well on slippery roads, the system cannot compete with a real mechanically locking [differential] when driving off-road.

Some vehicles let the driver to lock the multiplate hydraulic clutch manually when the driver feels that he needs all wheel drive engaged permanently and before wheels start to slip. For example, in Nissan X-Trail, this is accomplished by pressing a button on the dashboard console. In Subaru Legacy, the clutch is locked when the automatic transmission gear shift lever is at the position "1"..
Some vehicles let the driver to lock the multiplate hydraulic clutch manually when the driver feels that he needs all wheel drive engaged permanently and before wheels start to slip. For example, in Nissan X-Trail, this is accomplished by pressing a button on the dashboard console. In Subaru Legacy, the clutch is locked when the automatic transmission gear shift lever is at the position "1".
!selectable all wheel drive
!selectable all wheel drive
In this category fall Mitsubishi Pajero(Montero) with its [Super Select|super select] transmission, Jeep Grand Cherokee with SelecTrac transmission, and a few other off-road vehicles. Mitsubishi, for example, has in fact a full-time all wheel drive transmission with two wheel drive possibility. In Mitsubishi, the driver can choose between the 2wd mode, 4wd mode with automatic distribution of torque via [viscous coupling] (acts like the full-time all wheel drive ), 4wd with locked [differential] (acts like the part-time all wheel drive) and 4wd with low gearing (low range part-time all wheel drive).
In this category fall Mitsubishi Pajero(Montero) with its [Super Select|super select] transmission, Jeep Grand Cherokee with SelecTrac transmission, and a few other off-road vehicles. Mitsubishi, for example, has in fact a full-time all wheel drive transmission with two wheel drive possibility. In Mitsubishi, the driver can choose between the 2wd mode, 4wd mode with automatic distribution of torque via [viscous coupling] (acts like the full-time all wheel drive ), 4wd with locked [differential] (acts like the part-time all wheel drive) and 4wd with low gearing (low range part-time all wheel drive).
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(c) www.awdwiki.com

{title:Вискомуфта} 3
{title:Вискомуфта} 2

{title:Вискомуфта} 2
{title:Вискомуфта} 1

{title:Вискомуфта} 1
{title:Вискомуфта}

Вискомуфта состоит из набора пластин с отверстиями и наполнена силиконом. Часть пластин подсоеденена к ведущему валу (например к переднему мосту), часть к ведомому (например к заднему мосту). В нормальных дорожных условиях, пластины вращаются с одинаковой скоростью и неподвижны относительно друг друга. Как только происходит пробуксовка колёс, пластины проскальзывают относительно друг друга и нагревают силиконовый наполнитель. Силикон от нагрева твердеет и замыкает пластины между собой.
1Вискомуфта состоит из набора пластин с отверстиями и наполнена силиконом. Часть пластин подсоеденена к ведущему валу (например к переднему мосту), часть к ведомому (например к заднему мосту). В нормальных дорожных условиях, пластины вращаются с одинаковой скоростью и неподвижны относительно друг друга. Как только происходит пробуксовка колёс, пластины проскальзывают относительно друг друга и нагревают силиконовый наполнитель. Силикон от нагрева твердеет и замыкает пластины между собой.

1Вискомуфта состоит из набора пластин с отверстиями и наполнена силиконом. Часть пластин подсоеденена к ведущему валу (например к переднему мосту), часть к ведомому (например к заднему мосту). В нормальных дорожных условиях, пластины вращаются с одинаковой скоростью и неподвижны относительно друг друга. Как только происходит пробуксовка колёс, пластины проскальзывают относительно друг друга и нагревают силиконовый наполнитель. Силикон от нагрева твердеет и замыкает пластины между собой.
Вискомуфта состоит из набора пластин с отверстиями и наполнена силиконом. Часть пластин подсоеденена к ведущему валу (например к переднему мосту), часть к ведомому (например к заднему мосту). В нормальных дорожных условиях, пластины вращаются с одинаковой скоростью и неподвижны относительно друг друга. Как только происходит пробуксовка колёс, пластины проскальзывают относительно друг друга и нагревают силиконовый наполнитель. Силикон от нагрева твердеет и замыкает пластины между собой.

[xDrive|xdrive].
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9XelFndsC8&feature=related

[./images/bmw-xdrive-transfer-case.jpg|caption=]
[./images/bmw-xdrive-transfer-case.jpg|caption=]
{html}<iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/y9XelFndsC8" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>{/html}

[./images/bmw-xdrive-transfer-case.jpg|caption=]
[./images/bmw-xdrive-transfer-case.jpg|caption=]
{html}<iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/y9XelFndsC8" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>{/html}

{html}<iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/y9XelFndsC8" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>{/html}

[./images/bmw-xdrive-transfer-case.jpg|caption=]
[./images/bmw-xdrive-transfer-case.jpg|caption=]
{html}<iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/y9XelFndsC8" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>{/html}

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9XelFndsC8&feature=related
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/y9XelFndsC8" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/y9XelFndsC8" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
http://youtu.be/y9XelFndsC8